Light source device, projector, and driving method of discharge lamp

ABSTRACT

To prevent biased consumption of electrodes in a discharge lamp and to prevent biased precipitation of the electrode material, a light source is provided. The light source device has a discharge lamp that emits light by discharge between a first electrode and a second electrode; and a driver that supplies alternating current to the first and the second electrodes so as to maintain the discharge, and changes duty ratio of the alternating current in accordance with predetermined pattern. The predetermined pattern includes a plurality of section periods for which the duty ratio maintains mutually different values for a predetermined period.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims the priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-322927 filed on Dec. 14, 2007, Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-204658 filed on Aug. 7, 2008, Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-325592 filed on Dec. 18, 2007, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-204681 filed on Aug. 7, 2008 the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a light source device equipped with a discharge lamp that has a pair of electrodes, the driving method of such a discharge lamp, and a projector that incorporates such a discharge lamp.

2. Description of the Related Art

As a lighting method for a high intensity discharge lamp, U.S. Pat. No. 6,815,907 discloses to supply alternating lump current to a high intensity discharge lamp. In the disclosure, absolute value of the alternating lump current is roughly fixed, and the pulse width modulation of the alternating lamp current is performed. Specifically, it is disclosed to set lighting frequency to 40 Hz to 5 kHz, and to modulate the pulse width ratio of the positive pulse and negative pulse with a sine wave of 0.1 Hz to 100 Hz (specifically, 50 Hz) which is lower than the lighting frequency.

However, even when modulating the pulse width of an alternating lamp current as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,815,907, when the pulse width modulation frequency is high, a steady convection flow is formed at the inside of the high intensity discharge lamp, and biased consumption of the electrode and biased precipitation of the electrode materials may occur.

SUMMARY

An object of the present invention is to prevent biased consumption of the electrodes and to prevent biased precipitation of the electrode material by suppressing the formation of a steady convection flow at the inside of the lamp in an apparatus such as a light source device and a projector equipped with the light source device.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a light source device is provided. The light source device has: a discharge lamp that emits light by discharge between a first electrode and a second electrode; and a driver that supplies alternating current to the first and the second electrodes so as to maintain the discharge, and changes duty ratio of the alternating current in accordance with predetermined pattern, the predetermined pattern including a plurality of section periods for which the duty ratio maintains mutually different values for a predetermined period.

With the aforementioned light source device, the driver changes duty ratio of the alternating current in accordance with the predetermined pattern including a plurality of section periods. In each section period, the duty ratio maintains mutually different values for a predetermined period. Accordingly, it is possible to temporarily fix the duty ratio with the plurality of section periods included in the predetermined pattern, while changing the duty ratio. In other words, it is possible to fluctuate the heat state of both electrodes and their periphery with a relatively long time scale, so it is possible to avoid formation of a steady convection flow in the discharge lamp. As a consequence, it is possible to suppress biased consumption of both electrodes and biased precipitation of the electrode materials. Additionally, in this case, it is possible to enlarge fluctuation of the heat state of both electrodes and their periphery as a difference in the states for each section period, so it is possible to efficiently suppress biased consumption of both electrodes and biased precipitation of the electrode materials.

The present invention may be reduced to practice in various modes, for example, an driving apparatus or method of a discharge lamp; a light source apparatus using a discharge lamp or a control method thereof; an image display apparatus such as a projector using such a method or apparatus; a computer program for carrying out the functions of such a method and apparatus; a recording medium having such a computer program recorded thereon; a data signal containing such a computer program and embodied in a carrier wave, and so on.

These and other objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross sectional diagram showing a conceptual description of the configuration of the light source device;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of the light source driver;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross sectional diagram for describing the convection flow in the discharge space;

FIG. 4 is a graph describing the pattern for modulating the duty ratio of the alternating current;

FIGS. 5A and 5B are graphs for describing the waveform of the alternating current actually supplied;

FIGS. 6A and 6B are graphs for describing an exemplary variation of the modulation of the duty ratio;

FIG. 7 is a flow chart for describing the operation of the light source driver;

FIG. 8 is a schematic drawing for describing the configuration of a projector incorporating the light source device;

FIG. 9 is a graph for describing the modulation of the duty ratio of the alternating current in the second embodiment;

FIG. 10A shows a modulation pattern of alternating current when the duty ratio changing amount is set to 5%;

FIG. 10B shows changing of the shape of the electrodes when the duty ratio changing amount is set to 5%;

FIG. 11A shows a modulation pattern of alternating current when the duty ratio changing amount is set to 10%;

FIG. 11B shows changing of the shape of the electrodes when the duty ratio changing amount is set to 10%;

FIG. 12A shows a modulation pattern of alternating current when the duty ratio changing amount is set to 20%;

FIG. 12B shows changing of the shape of the electrodes when the duty ratio changing amount is set to 20%;

FIG. 13 is a graph for describing the modulation of the duty ratio of the alternating current in the third embodiment;

FIG. 14 is an explanatory drawing showing a first variation of the modulation pattern; and

FIG. 15 is an explanatory drawing showing a second variation of the modulation pattern.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT First Embodiment

Referring to the drawings, apparatuses as a first embodiment of the present invention such as the light source device are described.

FIG. 1 is a cross sectional diagram showing a conceptual description of the configuration of the light source device 100. With the light source device 100, the light source unit 10 has a discharge light emission type discharge lamp 1 as a discharge lamp, a reflector 2 which is an elliptic main reflective mirror, and a sub-mirror 3 which is a spherical reflective sub-mirror. As described in detail later, the light source driver 70 is configured as an electrical circuit for controlling light emission in the desired state by supplying alternating current to the light source unit 10.

In the light source unit 10, the discharge lamp 1 has a tube body 11 constituted by a translucent silica glass tube with the sealed center part bulged in a sphere shape. The light for illumination is emitted from the tube body 11. The discharge lamp 1 also has a first sealing portion 13 and a second sealing portion 14 that extend along the axial line passing through both ends of this tube body 11.

In a discharge space 12 formed inside the tube body 11, the tip of a first electrode 15 and the tip of second electrode 16 are arranged separated by a specified distance. Both of the electrodes 15 and 16 are made of tungsten. As discharge medium, gas containing a rare gas, a metal halogen compound and so on is enclosed in the discharge space 12. The sealing portions 13 and 14 that extend to both ends of this tube body 11 have molybdenum metal foils 17 a and 17 b which are electrically connected to the base of the first and second electrodes 15 and 16 provided at the tube body 11. Airtight seal of the discharge space to the outside is achieved by both of sealing portions 13 and 14. When the light source driver 70 supplies an alternating pulse current to lead lines 18 a and 18 b which are connected to the metal foils 17 a and 17 b, an arc discharge occurs between the pair of electrodes 15 and 16. This makes the tube body 11 to emit light at high brightness.

The sub-mirror 3 covers a part of the tube body 11 of the discharge lamp 1. Specifically, the sub-mirror 3 covers approximately half of the light flux emitting side (front side) where the second electrode 16 is located. The sub-mirror 3 is closely-arranged to the tube body 11. The sub-mirror 3 is an integrated molded product made of silica glass. The sub-mirror 3 has a reflective portion 3 a, and a support 3 b which supports the reflective portion 3 a. The reflective portion 3 a returns light flux emitted to the front side from the tube body 11 of the discharge lamp 1 to the tube body 11. The support 3 b is fixed to the periphery of the second sealing portion 14. The second sealing portion 14 is inserted through the support 3 b, and the support 3 b holds the reflective portion 3 a in a state aligned in relation to the tube body 11.

The reflector 2 covers another part of the tube body 11 of the discharge lamp 1. Specifically, the reflector 2 covers approximately half of the opposite side of light flux emitting side (back side) where the first electrode 15 is located. The reflector 2 is arranged facing opposite to the sub-mirror 3. This reflector 2 is an integrated molded product made of crystallized glass or silica glass. The reflector 2 has a neck 2 a through which the first sealing unit 13 of the discharge lamp 1 is inserted, and an elliptical curved surface reflective portion 2 b which widens from the neck 2 a. The first sealing portion 13 is inserted through the neck 2 a. The neck 2 a hold the reflective portion 2 b in a state aligned in relation to the tube body 11.

The discharge lamp 1 is arranged along the rotationally symmetric axis or the optical axis of the main reflective portion 2 b which corresponds to the system optical axis OA. The light emitting center O between the first and second electrodes 15 and 16 within the tube body 11 is arranged so as to roughly match the first focal point F1 of the elliptical curved surface of the reflective portion 2 b. When the discharge lamp 1 is lit, the light flux emitted from the arc at the periphery of the light emitting center O of the tube body 11 is reflected by the reflective portion 2 b, or is reflected further by the reflective portion 2 b after being reflected by the reflective portion 3 a. The light flux converged at the second focal point F2 of the elliptical curved surface. In other words, the reflector 2 and the sub-mirror 3 have a roughly axially symmetrical reflective curved surface in relation to the system optical axis OA, and the pair of electrodes 15 and 16 are arranged so that axial cores of the electrode shafts roughly match the system optical axis OA.

The discharge lamp 1 is produced by supporting the first and second electrodes 15 and 16 which are fixed at the ends of the metal foils 17 a and 17 b in a silica glass tube, softening and shrinking the silica glass tube at the parts corresponding to both sealing portions 13 and 14 from the periphery by heating with a burner (shrink sealing). The discharge lamp 1 is fixed to the reflector 2 by inserting the first sealing portion 13 into the neck 2 a of the reflector, filling an inorganic adhesive C by injection, and solidifying the adhesive C. The discharge lamp 1 is also fixed to the sub-mirror 3 by inserting the second sealing portion 14 of the discharge lamp 1 into the support 3 b of the sub-mirror 3, filling an inorganic adhesive C by injection, and solidifying the adhesive C.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of the light source driver 70 for lighting the light source unit 10 shown in FIG. 1 in a desired state.

The light source driver 70 generates alternating current for causing discharge between the pair of electrodes 15 and 16 shown in FIG. 1, and controls the state of supplying alternating current to both electrodes 15 and 16. The light source driver 70 has a lighting unit 70 a, a control unit 70 b, and a DC/DC converter 70 c. Here, as an example, a case is described of the light source driver 70 using an external power supply. In this case, the light source driver 70 is connected to an AC/DC converter 81, and the AC/DC converter 81 is connected to a commercial power supply 90. The AC/DC converter 81 converts the alternating current supplied from the commercial power supply 90 to direct current.

The lighting unit 70 a is a circuit for driving and lighting the light source unit 10 of FIG. 1. With the lighting unit 70 a, the drive waveform output from the light source driver 70 is adjusted. Here, the drive waveform is defined by the output current or voltage frequency, amplitude, duty ratio, positive/negative amplitude ratio, waveform characteristics and so on. To the light source unit 10, the lighting unit 70 a may output drive current with various waveforms such as a square wave, a superimposed wave for which a triangular wave is superimposed on the square wave.

The control unit 70 b is a circuit constituted from, for example, a microcomputer, memory, sensor, interface, and so on. The control unit 70 b is driven by appropriate drive voltage generated by the DC/DC converter 70 c as the power supply. The control unit 70 b has a operation control unit 74 for controlling the operating state of the lighting unit 70 a, a determination unit 75 for determining the state of the discharge lamp 1, and a data storage unit 76 for storing various information on the power feed state of the lighting unit 70 a such as the power feed conditions.

The operation control unit 74 operates according to the program stored in the data storage unit 76 and so on. The operation control unit 74 selects an power feed condition suited for the current state of the discharge lamp 1 from the initial operating power feed conditions and the steady operating power feed conditions stored in the data storage unit 76. The operation control unit 74 performs the initial operation or the steady operation according to the selected power feed condition on the lighting unit 70 a. Note that the operation control unit 74 works together with the lighting unit 70 a, feeds power to the discharge lamp 1, and functions as a current drive device for performing the necessary lighting operation. With this embodiment, the steady operation means an operation to supply steady energy to the first electrode 15 and the second electrode 16. The initial operation means an operation during startup period before performing the steady operation to supply energy to the first electrode 15 and the second electrode 16 in an operation differs from the steady operation.

The determination unit 75 determines degradation stage the discharge lamp 1 based on the state of the discharge lamp 1, specifically the cumulative lighting time of the discharge lamp 1, the voltage applied to the discharge lamp 1, and so on.

In addition to the program for operating the operation control unit 74, the data storage unit 76 stores a plurality of initial power feed conditions as a mode of the initial operation of the discharge lamp 1, and stores a plurality of steady power feed conditions as a mode of the steady operation of the discharge lamp 1. In specific terms, the data storage unit 76 stores various parameters including the setting values of the current value and frequency during startup or warming up performed as the initial operation. Also, the data storage unit 76 stores various parameters during steady operation which relate to the current value, frequency, duty ratio, modulation pattern of the duty ratio, triangular wave rising rate and so on. The duty ratio modulation pattern includes parameters such as the modulation frequency of the duty ratio, and the length of section period, and the variation range of the duty ratio. Here, the triangular wave rising rate is a type of parameter that defines the waveform characteristics. The triangular wave rising rate represents the ratio of the maximum current value to the average current value during the half cycle of the superimposed wave for which a triangular wave is superimposed on a square wave.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross sectional diagram for describing the convection flow in the discharge space 12 formed in the tube body 11 of the discharge lamp 1 of FIG. 1. At the inside of the tube body 11, both of the first and second electrodes 15 and 16 have tip 15 a and 16 a, large-diameter portions 15 b and 16 b, and shafts 15 c and 16 c. During the steady operation in which the rated operation of the discharge lamp 1 is performed, an arc AR is formed by the arc discharge between the tips 15 a and 16 a of the pair of electrodes 15 and 16. This arc AR and its nearby area become very high in temperature. As a result, inside of the discharge space 12, a convection flow AF that flows upward from the arc AR is formed. This convection flow AF moves along the upper half part 11 b when it reaches the top part 11 a of the tube body 11, and is cooled while flowing down around the shafts 15 c and 16 c of electrodes 15 and 16. The convection flow AF which flows down in this way further flows down along the bottom half part 11 c of the tube body 11. By mutually colliding the convection flow AF beneath the arc AR, the convection flow AF rises and returns to the arc AR at upside. In other words, the convection flow AF is formed and circulates in the periphery of both electrodes 15 and 16. Since such a convection flow AF contains electrode material which is melted and evaporated by the arc AR, the steady convection flow causes deposition or precipitation of the electrode material on the shafts 15 c and 16 c, and growth of whisker in a needle shape. In consequence, unintentional discharge toward the upper half part 11 b may occur. Such unintentional discharge causes degradation of the inner wall of the tube body 11 and decrease of the product life of the discharge lamp 1. Also, when lighting with a single drive waveform continues for a long time, a temperature distribution of the electrode is fixed for a long time. As a result, the asymmetry of the electrodes that occurs as a change of state over time tends to be fomented together with time. So as to resolve such a problem, the duty ratio of the alternating current supplied between the first and second electrodes 15 and 16 is changed, and by cyclically fluctuating the temperature distribution of the electrodes 15 and 16, biased degradation of the electrodes is prevented, and furthermore, with a temperature difference of several hundred K that occurs with the left and right electrodes 15 and 16, formation of a steady convection flow AF inside the discharge space 12 is prevented.

In specific terms, with a cycle sufficiently long compared to the cycle of the current waveform of the fixed frequency (lighting frequency) supplied to the pair of electrodes 15 and 16, the duty ratio of the current waveform is cyclically changed. At this time, in order to enlarge fluctuation of the convection flow AF, with the pattern for changing the duty ratio of the current waveform supplied to both electrodes 15 and 16, the duty ratio for the plurality of section periods, which are included in the cyclical period (the modulation cycle), are maintained to two or more different values during a period greater than a predetermined length. In other words, the duty ratio of the current waveform supplied to the electrodes 15 and 16 is gradually changed to discrete values, and is increased and decreased cyclically.

To describe specific operation conditions, it is assumed that the lighting frequency supplied to both electrodes 15 and 16 is set to approximately 60 Hz to 500 Hz for example. It is also assumed that each section period which is included in the duty ratio modulation cycle is set to approximately 1 second or greater, and the duty ratio in each section period is maintained at a fixed value. For example, by segmenting the duty ratio into 10 and setting each section period to 1 second, total length of each period, or the modulation cycle of the duty ratio becomes 10 seconds. By modulating the duty ratio with this kind of modulation pattern, it is possible to gradually fluctuate the heat state of both electrodes 15 and 16 and their vicinity with a long span so as to affects the convection flow AF. Thus, formation of a steady convection flow AF inside the tube body 11 of the discharge lamp 1 may be avoided. As a result, it is possible to prevent growth of electrode material whisker at unintended locations of both electrodes 15 and 16, and furthermore, to prevent rapid progression of shape degradation of both electrodes 15 and 16. To avoid formation of the steady convection flow AF, it is preferable that the length of the section period is less than or equal to 1 minute.

In order to estimate minimal length of the section period, we performed experiments to estimate transient characteristics of electrode temperature when the duty ratio was changed. In the experiments, the section period was set to 5 second, the duty ratio was changed from 20% to 80% in 10%, and the temperature of the electrode 15 was measured. When we increase the duty ratio from 40% to 50%, the temperature of the electrode 15 rose about 40 K. After the lapse of about 0.5 second from the change of the duty ratio from 40% to 50%, the temperature of the electrode 15 became stable. Before the stable period, a quasi-stable period in which the temperature rises gradually was observed. The rising amount of temperature Δt during the transient period where the temperature changes rapidly may be estimated as the temperature difference between the temperature during the stable period before the change of the duty ratio and the temperature at the beginning of the quasi-stable period after the change of the duty ratio. It is possible to change the electrode temperature sufficiently, if the time in which the temperature changes in one-half of the temperature difference Δt elapses. In the experiments, after the lapse of about 0.1 second from the change of the duty ratio, the temperature changed in one-half of the temperature difference Δt. With the experiments, it may be concluded that preferable length of the section period is longer than or equal to 0.1 second, and much preferable length of the section period is longer than or equal to 0.5 second.

FIG. 4 is a graph describing the pattern for modulating the duty ratio of the alternating current supplied to the pair of electrodes 15 and 16. The horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the duty ratio. As is clear from the drawing, the duty ratio of the alternating current supplied to both electrodes 15 and 16 increases and decreases cyclically with the cycle Tm by changing the duty ratio at a fixed amount for each change of section period. Each modulation cycle Tm consists of the anterior half period H1 for which the anode period of the first electrode 15 is relatively long and the posterior half period H2 for which the anode period of the second electrode 16 is relatively long. In the pattern for modulating the alternating current duty ratio shown in FIG. 4, one cycle has 17 section 16 section periods of section periods P1 to P16. The duty ratio where the anode period of the first electrode 15 (hereafter called “anode duty ratio”) is changed in 9 stages of 5% steps within the range of 30% to 70%. In specific terms, the section period P1 maintains the first electrode 15 anode duty ratio for 1 second at 50% which is the 5th stage, and at the next section period P2, the first electrode 15 anode duty ratio changes to 55% which is the 6th stage, and this 55% duty ratio is maintained for 1 second. After that, by sequentially switching from section period P2 through P5, the first electrode 15 anode duty ratio changes to 60% of the 7th stage, 65% of the 8th stage, and 70% of the 9th stage, respectively. Furthermore, by sequentially switching from section period P5 through P13, the first electrode 15 anode duty ratio changes to 70% of the 9th stage, 65% of the 8th stage, . . . 30% of the 1st stage 30%, respectively. And by sequentially switching from section period P13 through P16, the first electrode 15 anode duty ratio changes to 30% of the 1st stage through 45% of the 4th stage. In this way, by increasing and decreasing the duty ratio in stages, it is possible to decrease the heat shock to the tips 15 a and 16 a of both electrodes 15 and 16. Here, both the maximum value DM1 of the anode duty ratio of the first electrode 15 in the anterior half cycle H1 for which the first electrode 15 is biased to the anode and the maximum value DM2 of the anode duty ratio of the second electrode 16 in the posterior half cycle H2 for which the second electrode 16 is biased to the anode are equal at 70%.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are graphs for describing the waveform of the alternating current actually supplied to the pair of electrodes 15 and 16. The horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the current value. Current of a square wave with the fixed current value A0 is supplied to both electrodes 15 and 16 at a fixed lighting frequency corresponding to the alternating current cycle Ta.

As shown in FIG. 5A, with each waveform W5, W6, and W7 during the respective section period P1, P2, and P3 within the anterior half cycle H1 (see FIG. 4), the duty ratio of the alternating current during each section period is maintained at the fixed level, and at the time of switching of the section periods P1, P2, P3, the duty ratio of each waveform W5, W6, and W7 changes to the duty ratio of the 5th, 6th, and 7th stages. In specific terms, with the section period P1, when the duty ratio of the waveform W5 when both electrodes 15 and 16 are anodes is 50%, at the next section period P2, the duty ratio of the waveform W6 when both electrodes 15 and 16 are anodes are respectively 55% and 45%, for example, and with the next section period P3, the duty ratio of the waveform W7 when both electrodes 15 and 16 are anodes are respectively 60% and 40%, for example.

Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 5B, with each waveform W5, W4, and W3 during the respective section period P9, P10, P11 within the posterior half cycle H2 (see FIG. 4), the duty ratio of the alternating current during each section period is maintained at the fixed level, and at the time of switching of the section periods P9, P10, P11, the duty ratio of each waveform W5, W4, and W3 changes to the duty ratio of the 5th, 4th, and 3rd stages. In specific terms, with the section period P9, when the duty ratio of the waveform W5 when both electrodes 15 and 16 are anodes is 50%, at the next section period P10, the duty ratio of the waveform W4 when both electrodes 15 and 16 are anodes are respectively 45% and 55%, for example, and with the next section period P11, the duty ratio of the waveform W5 when both electrodes 15 and 16 are anodes are respectively 40% and 60%, for example.

As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, within one modulation cycle Tm having the anterior half cycle H1 and the posterior half cycle H2, the anode duty ratio of the first electrode 15 changes cyclically in the modulation range for which the maximum value DMA is 70% and the minimum value is 30%, and the anode duty ratio of the second electrode 16 changes cyclically in a modulation range for which the maximum value DM2 is 70% and the minimum value is 30%.

Note that with the duty ratio modulation such as that shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, it is not necessary to maintain at a fixed level the frequency and current value of the alternating current supplied to both electrodes 15 and 16, and it is possible to set different frequencies and current values for each of the section periods P1, P2, P3, and so on.

Also, with the duty ratio modulation as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the setting values such as the alternating current frequency, the current value, the variable range of the duty ratio, the modulation cycle, the section period and so on may be changed by increasing or decreasing based on information relating to the level of consumption of both electrodes 15 and 16 and other degradation levels obtained with the determination unit 75. For example, when the degradation of both electrodes 15 and 16 has progressed, by temporarily increasing or decreasing the alternating current frequency and the current value, or by increasing the variable range of the duty ratio, it is possible to credibly melt electrodes for which melting becomes difficult by degradation over time, and it is possible to maintain shape of the electrodes to desirable shape over a long time.

FIG. 6A is a graph for describing an exemplary variation of the modulation of the duty ratio shown in FIG. 5. This case is similar to above in that with each section period P1, P2, P3 within the anterior half cycle H1 of FIG. 4, the duty ratio of the alternating current during each section period is maintained at the fixed level, and that at the time of switching of the section periods P1, P2, P3 the duty ratio changes to the duty ratio of corresponding stage. Meanwhile, as the waveform for which the ratio of the time during polarity being positive or negative to the cycle of the alternating current is greater than or equal to 50%, a superimposed wave is used. In specific terms, at the section periods P1, P2, P3 through P9 where the anode duty ratio of the first electrode 15 is 50% or greater, a superimposed wave for which a gradually increasing triangular wave is superimposed on a square wave is supplied to the anode first electrode 15, and the average current value is maintained at A0, but the peak value of the superimposed wave is A1. Here, the triangular wave rising rate A1/A0, which is defined as the ratio of the peak value A1 in relation to the average current value A0, of the superimposed wave is higher than triangular wave rising rate of the square wave which is equal to 1. By adjusting the triangular wave rising rate, flicker while the electrode works as the cathode may be suppressed, and volume of melting part of the tip while the electrode works as the anode may increase. As a consequence, the discharge may be stabilized and the shape of the electrode is maintained in the desired shape.

FIG. 6B corresponds to FIG. 6A, but shows each section period P9, P10, P11 within the posterior half cycle H2 of FIG. 4. This case is also similar as the case of FIG. 5B in that the duty ratio of the alternating current during each section period is maintained at a fixed level, and that at the time of switching of the section periods P9, P10, P11 the duty ratio changes to the duty ratio of corresponding stage. Meanwhile, as the waveform for which the ratio of the time during polarity being positive or negative to the cycle of the alternating current is greater than or equal to 50% or greater, a superimposed wave is used. In specific terms, at the section periods P9, P10, P11 through P16 where the anode duty ratio of the second electrode 16 is 50% or greater, a superimposed wave for which a gradually increasing triangular wave is superimposed on a square wave is supplied in the half cycle where the second electrode 16 works as the anode, and the average current value is maintained at A0, but the peak value of the superimposed wave is A1. Here, the triangular wave rising rate A1/A0 is higher than the triangular wave rising rate of the square wave which is equal to 1. By adjusting the triangular wave rising rate, flicker while the electrode works as the cathode may be suppressed, and volume of melting part of the tip part while the electrode works as the anode may increase. As a consequence, the discharge may be stabilized and the shape of the electrode is maintained in the desired shape.

Note that it is possible to combine the operations of FIGS. 6A and FIG. 6B, but it is also possible to use only the operation of FIG. 6A or FIG. 6B. For example, it is possible to use the square wave for the anterior half cycle H1 where the first electrode 15 anode period is relatively long, and to use the superimposed wave shown in FIG. 6B only for the posterior half cycle H2 where the second electrode 16 anode period is relatively long.

In the above exemplary variation, as the waveform for which the ratio of the time during polarity being positive or negative to the cycle of the alternating current is greater than or equal to 50%, a superimposed wave, which a gradually increasing triangular wave is superimposed on the basic square wave, is used to vary the current. It is also possible to vary the current based on the information relating to the degradation stages of both electrodes 15 and 16 and the like. In addition, it is also possible to vary the current by changing waveforms so that the current value of the waveforms is maximum at the end of the polarity period where the time ratio of the polarity to one cycle of the alternating current is greater than or equal to 50%, and by superimposing various types of waveforms such as triangular waves that increase in the posterior half of the half cycle, square waves, and sine waves on the basic square wave.

Also, for modulation of the duty ratio like that shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, it is possible to change the setting values such as the duty ratio variation range, modulation cycle length, section period length, lighting frequency, current value and the like based on the consumption level and other information relating to the degradation stage of both electrodes 15 and 16 obtained by the determination unit 75.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart for describing the operation of the light source driver 70. The control unit 70 b reads suitable initial operation data necessary for lighting start of the discharge lamp 1 (step S11) from the operation control table stored in the data storage unit 76.

Next, the control unit 70 b controls the lighting unit 70 a based on the initial power feed conditions read at step S11, and controls the initial operation including the run up operation from the startup of the discharge lamp 1 (step S12).

Next, the control unit 70 b reads suitable steady operation data necessary for maintaining light emission of the discharge lamp 1 from the operation control table stored in the data storage unit 76 (step S13). In specific terms, it reads setting values of the steady operation time such as the current value, the lighting frequency, the duty ratio variable range, the modulation cycle length, the section period length, the triangular wave rising rate and the like. At this time, a modulation pattern including the lighting waveform such as the current value and the lighting frequency, the duty ratio variation range, the modulation cycle length, the section period length or the like is selected based on the consumption level and other information relating to the degradation stage of both electrodes 15 and 16 obtained by the determination unit 75.

Next, the control unit 70 b controls the rated operation state of the lighting unit 70 a, specifically, the steady operation of the discharge lamp 1 (step S14) based on the steady power feed conditions read at step S13.

Here, during steady operation, the determination unit 75 determines whether or not the interrupt request signal requesting the end of the lighting operation of the light source unit 10 has been input (step S15). When this kind of interrupt request signal has been input, information indicating the recent state of the discharge lamp 1 such as the recent cumulative lighting time, the recent voltage supplied to the discharge lamp 1 and the like is recorded in the data storage unit 76, and the process moves to the light turn-off operation.

As is clear from the description above, with the light source device 100 of this embodiment, with the steady operation for which the discharge lamp 1 has rated operation done by the lighting unit 70 a which operates under the control of the control unit 70 b, the duty ratio of the alternating current supplied between the first and second electrodes 15 and 16 is changed by a specified modulation pattern having section periods P1, P2, P3, . . . for which the same value is maintained for 1 second or more. By doing this, even while changing the alternating current duty ratio, it is possible to temporarily fix the duty ratio for a fixed period, so the alternating current supplied between both electrodes 15 and 16 is not steady in relation to the polarity, and it is possible to greatly fluctuate the heat state of both electrodes and their periphery over a relatively long time scale. Thus, it is possible to avoid the formation of a steady convection flow in the discharge lamp 1, and it is possible to suppress degradation of the electrode shape of both electrodes 15 and 16 and biased precipitation of the electrode materials. By doing this, it is possible to maintain the illumination level of the illumination light from the discharge lamp 1 and to lengthen the product life of the discharge lamp 1 or the light source device 100.

FIG. 8 is a schematic drawing for describing the configuration of a projector incorporating the light source device 100 of FIG. 1. The projector 200 has the light source device 100, the illumination optical system 20, a color separation optical system 30, a light modulating unit 40, a cross dichroic prism 50, and a projection lens 60. Here, the light modulating unit 40 includes three liquid crystal light valves 40 a, 40 b, and 40 c having the same configuration.

With the aforementioned projector 200, the light source device 100 is equipped with the light source unit 10 and the light source driver 70 shown in FIG. 1. The light source device generates illumination light for illuminating the light modulating unit 40, i.e. the liquid crystal light valves 40 a, 40 b, and 40 c via the illumination optical system 20 etc.

The illumination optical system 20 has a parallelizing lens 22 which parallelizes the light from the source light into the light flux direction, a first and second fly eye lens 23 a and 23 b constituting the integrator optical system for dividing and superimposing light, a polarization conversion component 24 which aligns the polarization direction of the light, and a superimposing lens 25 which superimposes the light via both fly eye lenses 23 a and 23 b. With the illumination optical system 20, the image forming area of the liquid crystal light valves 40 a, 40 b, and 40 c are illuminated by illumination light with an uniform illumination intensity. With the illumination optical system 20, the parallelization lens 22 converts the light flux direction of the illumination light emitted from the light source unit 10 to be roughly parallel. The first and second fly eye lenses 23 a and 23 b respectively consist of a plurality of element lenses arranged in matrix form, and the light via the parallelization lens 22 is divided and converged individually by the element lens constituting the first fly eye lens 23 a, and the divided light flux from the first fly eye lens 23 a is emitted at a suitable divergence angle by the element lens constituting the second fly eye lens 23 b. The polarization conversion component 24 is formed by an array which has a PBS, a mirror, and a phase difference plate and the like as a set of elements. The polarization conversion component 24 aligns the polarization direction of the light flux of each part divided by the first fly eye lens 23 a to linear polarized light of one direction. The superimposing lens 25 suitably converges entirety of the illumination light via the polarization conversion component 24. This allows the illuminated area of the liquid crystal light valves 40 a, 40 b, and 40 c which are the light modulation devices of each color of the latter stage to be illuminated by superimposed light.

The color separation optical system 30 has first and second dichroic mirrors 31 a and 31 b, reflective mirrors 32 a, 32 b, and 32 c, and three field lenses 33 a, 33 b, and 33 c. The illumination light emitted from the illumination light optical system 20 is bended by the mirror 26 and divided into the three color lights of red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Each of the color light is led to the latter stage liquid crystal light valves 40 a, 40 b, and 40 c. To describe this in more detail, first, of the three colors RGB, the first dichroic mirror 31 a transmits the R light and reflects the G light and B light. Also, of the two colors GB, the second dichroic mirror 31 b reflects G light and transmits B light. Next, with this color separation optical system 30, the R light transmitted through the first dichroic mirror 31 a incidents into the field lens 33 a for adjusting the incident angle via the reflective mirror 32 a. Also, the G light reflected by the first dichroic mirror 31 a and the second dichroic mirror 31 b incident into the field lens 33 b for adjusting the incident angle. Furthermore, the B light transmitted through the second dichroic mirror 31 b incidents into the field lens 33 c for adjusting the incident angle via relay lenses LL1 and LL2 and the reflective mirrors 32 b and 32 c.

The liquid crystal light valves 40 a, 40 b, and 40 c that constitute the light modulating unit 40 are non-light emitting type light modulation device for modulating spatial intensity distribution of the incident illumination light. The liquid crystal light valves 40 a, 40 b, and 40 c are equipped with three liquid crystal panels 41 a, 41 b, and 41 c respectively illuminated corresponding to each color light emitted from the color separation optical system 30, three first polarization filters 42 a, 42 b, and 42 c respectively arranged at the incidence side of each liquid crystal panel 41 a, 41 b, and 41 c, and three second polarization filters 43 a, 43 b, and 43 c arranged respectively at the emitting side of each liquid crystal panel 41 a, 41 b, and 41 c. The R light transmitted through the first dichroic mirror 31 a incidents into the liquid crystal light valve 40 a via the field lens 33 a etc., and illuminates the liquid crystal panel 41 a of the liquid crystal light valve 40 a. The G light reflected by both the first and second dichroic mirrors 31 a and 31 b incidents into the liquid crystal light valve 40 b via the field lens 33 b etc., and illuminates the liquid crystal panel 41 b of the liquid crystal light valve 40 b. The B light reflected by the first dichroic mirror 31 a and transmitted through the second dichroic mirror 31 b incidents into the liquid crystal light valve 40 c via the field lens 33 c etc., and illuminates the liquid crystal panel 41 c of the liquid crystal light valve 40 c. Each liquid crystal panel 41 a to 41 c modulates the spatial distribution of the polarization direction of the illumination light, and the polarized light status of the three color lights incident respectively on each liquid crystal panel 41 a to 41 c is adjusted pixel-by-pixel according to a drive signal or image signal input as an electrical signal to each of the liquid crystal panels 41 a to 41 c. At this time, the polarization direction of the illumination light which incident into each liquid crystal panel 41 a to 41 c is adjusted by the first polarization filters 42 a to 42 c, and modulated light of a specified polarization direction is extracted from the modulated light emitted from each liquid crystal panel 41 a to 41 c by the second polarization filters 43 a to 43 c. By the above, each liquid crystal light valve 40 a, 40 b, and 40 c forms each color image light corresponding respectively.

The cross dichroic prism 50 synthesizes each color image light from each liquid crystal light valve 40 a, 40 b, and 40 c. To explain this in more detail, the cross dichroic prism 50 is made in a plan view roughly square shape with four right angle prisms adhered together, and at the interface where the right angle prisms are adhered together, a pair of dielectric multi layer films 51 a and 51 b that intersect in an X shape are formed. One first dielectric multi layer film 51 a reflects the R light, and the other second dielectric multi layer film 51 b reflects the B light. With the cross dichroic prism 50, the R light from the liquid crystal light valve 40 a is reflected by the dielectric multi layer film 51 a and emitted to the progression direction right side, the G light from the liquid crystal light valve 40 b is advanced straight ahead and emitted via the dielectric multi layer films 51 a and 51 b, and the B light from the liquid crystal light valve 40 c is reflected by the dielectric multi layer film 51 b and emitted to the progression direction left side. Working in this way, the R light, G light, and B light are synthesized by the cross dichroic prism 50, and a synthesized light which is an image light is formed with a color image.

The projection lens 60 is a projection optical system that enlarges the synthesized light formed via the cross dichroic prism 50 as the image light at a desired enlargement ratio and projects a color image on a screen (not illustrated).

With the projector 200 described above, it is possible to suppress degradation of the electrode shape and biased precipitation of electrode materials of the pair of electrodes 15 and 16 that constitute the light source device 100, and it is possible to maintain the projection brightness of the projector 200 over a long period.

Second Embodiment

Following, the light source device as the second embodiment will be described. Note that the light source device of the second embodiment is a variation of the light source device 100 of the first embodiment, and parts that are not specifically described are the same as those of the light source device 100 of the first embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a graph for describing the modulation of the duty ratio of the alternating current supplied to the pair of electrodes 15 and 16. The horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents duty ratio. With this modulation pattern of the alternating current supplied to both electrodes 15 and 16, the section period DP1 for which the first electrode 15 anode duty ratio is greater than or equal to 50% where the first electrode 15 anode period is relatively long, and the section period DP2 for which the first electrode 15 anode duty ratio is less or equal to 50% where the second electrode 16 anode period is relatively long are alternately repeated. As is also clear from the graph, the first electrode 15 anode duty ratio and the second electrode 16 anode duty ratio both change in a modulation range from the minimum value of 30% to the maximum value of 70%.

As shown in FIG. 9, by alternately repeating the section period DP1 for which the first electrode 15 anode duty ratio is greater than or equal to 50%, and the section period DP2 for which the first electrode 15 anode duty ratio is less than 50%, it is possible to enlarge changing amount in the duty ratio between two consecutive section periods (hereafter also simply referred to as “duty ratio changing amount”).

Note that with the modulation pattern shown in FIG. 9, the duty ratio changing amount gradually increases with the anterior half of the modulation period Tm, and gradually decreases in the posterior half of the modulation period Tm. As the modulation pattern, it is also possible to use various patterns as long as the pattern alternately repeats a section period for which one electrode anode duty ratio is greater than the reference duty ratio, which is the median value of the modulation range of the anode duty ratio of the concerned electrode (with the example in FIG. 9, 50%), and a section period for which the duty ratio is less than the reference duty ratio. For example, it is possible to use a modulation pattern that alternately repeats a section period for which the first electrode 15 anode duty ratio is 60%, and a section period for which the first electrode 15 anode duty ratio is 40%. However, since it is possible to more effectively suppress convection flow AF being located inside the discharge lamp 1, it is desirable to change the duty ratio changing amount within the modulation cycle Tm as shown in FIG. 9. Note that with the example in FIG. 9, the reference duty ratio is the median value of the modulation range, but the reference duty ratio may also to be a predetermined value based on the median value of the modulation range. The reference duty ratio may be set by shifting from the median value in accordance with the discharge lamp 1 characteristics, the length of each section period, or the waveform of the alternating current or the like. For example, when the period for which the anode duty ratio is higher than the median value is longer than the period that is lower than the median value for the entire modulation cycle, it is possible to set the reference duty ratio higher than the median value.

FIG. 10A through FIG. 12B are explanatory drawings showing the effect of the duty ratio changing amount on the tips 15 a and 16 a of the electrodes 15 and 16. FIG. 10A, FIG. 11A, and FIG. 12A show modulation patterns of alternating current when the duty ratio changing amount AD is set to 5%, 10%, and 20% respectively. The horizontal axis of each of these graphs represents time, and the vertical axis represents the alternating current duty ratio. FIG. 10B, FIG. 11B, and FIG. 12B show changing of the shape of the tips 15 a and 16 a and the large-diameter portions 15 b and 16 b of the electrodes 15 and 16 when the modulation patterns shown in FIG. 10A, FIG. 11A, and FIG. 12A were used, respectively. In FIG. 10B, FIG. 11B, and FIG. 12B, the solid line indicates the electrode shape after the discharge lamp 1 was operated for 65 hours, and the dot-dash line indicates the electrode shape in a state when the discharge lamp 1 was unused.

As shown in FIG. 10B, when the modulation pattern shown in FIG. 10A was used, specifically, when the duty ratio changing amount AD was 5%, the size of the tips 15 a and 16 a of the electrodes surrounded by the dotted line was almost the same as the unused state (dot-dash line). As shown in FIG. 11B, when the duty ratio changing amount AD was 10% (FIG. 11A), the size of the tips 15 a and 16 a of the electrodes surrounded by the dotted line was larger than when the duty ratio changing amount AD was 5%. Furthermore, when the duty ratio changing amount AD was 20% (FIG. 12A), the size of the tips 15 a and 16 a of the electrodes surrounded by the dotted line was even larger than when the duty ratio changing amount AD was 10%. In this way, the size of the tips 15 a and 16 a of the first and the second electrodes after the discharge lamp 1 was operated became larger in accordance with the duty ratio changing amount AD becoming larger.

As shown in FIG. 10A through FIG. 12B, as the duty ratio changing amount AD became larger, the tips 15 a and 16 a of the electrodes 15 and 16 grew even larger with operation. From this result, by making the duty ratio changing amount AD greater than a specified value (e.g. 7.5%), the tips 15 a and 16 a grow with operation, and we found that it is possible to suppress the flattening of the tips 15 a and 16 a.

With the second embodiment, by alternately repeating the section period DP1 for which the first electrode 15 anode duty ratio is greater than or equal to 50% where the first electrode 15 anode period is relatively long, and the section period DP2 for which the first electrode 15 anode duty ratio is less than 50% where the second electrode 16 anode period is relatively long, the duty ratio changing amount is made larger. Because of this, with the second embodiment, it is possible to grow the tips 15 a and 16 a with operation, and it is possible to suppress degradation of the electrode shape such as flattening of the tips 15 a and 16 a or the like.

Third Embodiment

Following, the light source device of the third embodiment will be described. Note that the light source device of the third embodiment is a variation of the light source device 100 of the first embodiment, and parts not specifically described are the same as the light source device 100 of the first embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a graph for describing the modulation of the duty ratio of the alternating current supplied to the pair of electrodes 15 and 16. The horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the duty ratio. In this case, the modulation pattern of the alternating current supplied to both electrodes 15 and 16 consists of the anterior half period H1 for which the first electrode 15 anode duty ratio is greater than or equal to 50% where the anode period of the first electrode 15 is relatively long, and the posterior half period H2 for which the first electrode 15 anode duty ratio is less or equal to 50% where the anode period of the second electrode 16 is relatively long. The modulation pattern of the third embodiment differs from the modulation pattern shown in FIG. 4 that the duty ratio uniformly increases and decreases with a fixed difference at each stage in that the changing amount of the duty ratio changes in time.

With the third embodiment as well, the duty ratio changing amount between the section periods P1 and P2 becomes larger. Because of this, the same as with the second embodiment, it is possible to grow the tips 15 a and 16 a with operation, and it is possible to suppress degradation of the electrode shape such as flattening of the tips 15 a and 16 a.

Variation of Modulation Pattern The modulation patterns shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 9, and FIG. 13 are only examples, and by changing the alternating current supplied to the pair of electrodes 15 and 16 using various modulation patterns, it is possible to prevent excessive localization of convection flow AF inside the discharge lamp 1. Also, as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 13, by making the duty ratio changing amount greater than a specified value, it is possible to suppress degradation of the electrode shape. For example, it is also possible to change the alternating current using the following modulation patterns.

First Variation

FIG. 14 is an explanatory drawing showing a first variation of the modulation pattern. With the modulation pattern of the first variation, in the anterior half of the modulation cycle Tm, the period for which the first electrode 15 anode duty ratio is less than (low duty ratio period) the reference duty ratio (50%) is shortened, and in the posterior half of the modulation cycle Tm, the period for which the anode duty ratio exceeds the reference duty ratio (high duty ratio period) is shortened. The other points are the same as the modulation pattern of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 9.

In a state for which the anode duty ratio of one electrode is high, the temperature of that electrode rises. In this way, in a state when the temperature rises, when the electrode operates as a negative electrode, there is a large amount of emission (sputter) of electrode material into the discharge space 12 due to collision of positive ions (e.g. Ar+ or Hg+) generated by discharge, and it is easy for blackening of the inner wall of the discharge space 12 to occur. In light of this, with the first variation, at the anterior half of the modulation cycle Tm where the temperature of the first electrode 15 rises, the low duty ratio period is shortened thereby suppressing the occurrence of sputter, and at the posterior half of the modulation cycle Tm where the temperature of the second electrode 16 rises, the high duty ratio period is shortened thereby suppressing the occurrence of sputter.

Meanwhile, even with the first variation, by alternately repeating the section period for which the anode duty ratio of the first electrode 15 is greater than or equal to 50% where the first electrode 15 anode period is relatively long, and the section period for which the anode duty ratio of the first electrode 15 is less or equal to 50% where the second electrode 16 anode period is relatively long, the duty ratio changing amount becomes greater. Because of this, it is possible to grow the tips 15 a and 16 a with operation, and it is possible to suppress degradation of the electrode shape such as flattening of the tips 15 a and 16 a and the like.

Second Variation

FIG. 15 is an explanatory drawing showing a second variation of the modulation pattern. With the modulation pattern of the second variation, the changing amount of the duty ratio from the high duty ratio period of the first electrode 15 to the low duty ratio period following the concerned high duty ratio period is a fixed value (with the example in FIG. 15, 30%), and overall, the duty ratio changes gradually with the modulation cycle Tm (8 seconds). In this way, with the second variation, the duty ratio changing amount is sufficiently large, so the tips 15 a and 16 a grow with operation, and degradation of the electrode shape such as flattening of the tips 15 a and 16 a is suppressed. Also, it is possible to gradually fluctuate the heat state of both electrodes 15 and 16 and their vicinity with a long span so as to affect the convection flow AF. Thus, formation of a steady convection flow AF inside the tube body 11 of the discharge lamp 1 may be avoided.

Others:

The present invention is not limited to the examples and embodiments described above and may be reduced to practice in various forms without departing the scope thereof including, for example, the following modifications.

As the lamp of the light source unit 10 in the embodiments described above, various lamp such as a high pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp or the like may be used. It is also possible to use a light source of a type that does not have the sub-mirror 3 as the light source unit 10.

In the projector 200 of the embodiments described above, a pair of fly eye lenses 23 a and 23 b for dividing the light from the light source device 100 into a plurality of partial light flux is used, but this invention can also be used for a projector that does not use this kind of fly eye lens, i.e. lens array. Furthermore, it is also possible to replace the fly eye lenses 23 a and 23 b with a rod integrator.

In the aforementioned projector 200, a polarization conversion component 24 that polarizes the light from the light source device 100 to a specific direction is used, but this invention may also be applied to a projector that does not use this kind of polarization conversion component 24.

In the embodiments described above, an example is described where the present invention is applied to a transmission type projector, but it is also possible to apply the present invention to a reflective type projector. Here, the “transmission type” means that the projector is equipped with a liquid crystal light valve including a liquid crystal panel which transmits light. The “reflective type” means that the projector is equipped with a liquid crystal light valve which reflects light. Note that the light modulation device is not limited to a liquid crystal panel. For example, a light modulation device with a micro mirror may also be used.

As the projector, there are a front side projector that projects image projection from the direction observing the projection surface, and a back side projector that projects image from the opposite side from the direction observing the projection surface. The configuration of the projector shown in FIG. 8 may be applied to either of these projectors.

In the embodiments described above, only an example of a projector 200 using three liquid crystal panels 41 a through 41 c is presented. The present invention may also be applied to a projector using only one liquid crystal panel, a projector using two liquid crystal panels, or a projector using four or more liquid crystal panels.

In the embodiments described above, each color light is modulated using the color separation optical system 30 and the liquid crystal light valves 40 a, 40 b, and 40 c. It is also possible to perform color light modulation and synthesis instead of this. For example, modulation and synthesis of the color lights may be performed by combining a color wheel illuminated by the light source device 100 and the illumination optical system 20, and a device equipped with micro mirror pixels for which transmitted light of the color wheel is radiated.

Although the present invention has been described and illustrated in detail, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation, the spirit and scope of the present invention being limited only by the terms of the appended claims. 

1. A light source device comprising: a discharge lamp that emits light by discharge between a first electrode and a second electrode; and a driver that supplies alternating current to the first and the second electrodes so as to maintain the discharge, and changes a duty ratio of the alternating current in accordance with a predetermined pattern, the predetermined pattern including a plurality of section periods for which the duty ratio maintains mutually different values for a predetermined period, wherein a difference of the duty ratio between a first section period among the plurality of section periods and a second section period among the plurality of section periods following the first section period is greater than a predetermined amount; the duty ratio in the first section period and the duty ratio in the second section period are changed so as to extend across a reference duty ratio determined in accordance with a median value of a changing range of the duty ratio; a length of the first section period and a length of the second section period are mutually different; the predetermined pattern is a pattern that cyclically changes; in a specified period within one cycle of the pattern, a section period for which the duty ratio is higher than the reference duty ratio is longer than a section period for which the duty ratio is lower than the reference duty ratio; and in a remaining period within the one cycle of the pattern, a section period for which the duty ratio is higher than the reference duty ratio is shorter than a section period for which the duty ratio is lower than the reference duty ratio.
 2. The light source device according to claim 1 wherein a length of the predetermined period is between 0.1 second and 1 minute.
 3. The light source device according to claim 1, wherein the driver increases the current value while at least one of the first and the second electrodes works as an anode together with time.
 4. The light source device according to claim 1 wherein one cycle of the alternating current includes a positive polarity period and a negative polarity period for which a current value is positive and negative respectively, and the driver varies the current value during a longer polarity period among the positive and the negative polarity periods, a time ratio of the longer polarity period to the one cycle of the alternate current being at least 50%.
 5. The light source device according to claim 4 wherein the driver varies the current value during the longer polarity period so that the current value is at a maximum at an end of the longer polarity period.
 6. A projector comprising: a discharge lamp having a first electrode and a second electrode that emits light by discharge between the first and the second electrodes; a driver that supplies alternating current to the first and the second electrodes so as to maintain the discharge, and changes a duty ratio of the alternating current in accordance with a predetermined pattern, the predetermined pattern including a plurality of section periods for which the duty ratio maintains mutually different values for a predetermined period; a light modulating device illuminated by illumination light from the discharge lamp; and a projection optical system that projects image formed by the light modulating device, wherein a difference of the duty ratio between a first section period among the plurality of section periods and a second section period among the plurality of section periods following the first section period is greater than a predetermined amount; the duty ratio in the first section period and the duty ratio in the second section period are changed so as to extend across a reference duty ratio determined in accordance with a median value of a changing range of the duty ratio; a length of the first section period and a length of the second section period are mutually different; the predetermined pattern is a pattern that cyclically changes; in a specified period within one cycle of the pattern, a section period for which the duty ratio is higher than the reference duty ratio is longer than a section period for which the duty ratio is lower than the reference duty ratio; and in a remaining period within the one cycle of the pattern, a section period for which the duty ratio is higher than the reference duty ratio is shorter than a section period for which the duty ratio is lower than the reference duty ratio.
 7. A drive method of a discharge lamp having a first electrode and a second electrode comprising: supplying alternating current to the first and the second electrodes so as to maintain discharge between the first and the second electrodes for emission of light; and changing a duty ratio of the alternating current in accordance with a predetermined pattern, the predetermined pattern including a plurality of section periods for which the duty ratio maintains mutually different values for a predetermined period, wherein a difference of the duty ratio between a first section period among the plurality of section periods and a second section period among the plurality of section periods following the first section period is greater than a predetermined amount; the duty ratio in the first section period and the duty ratio in the second section period are changed so as to extend across a reference duty ratio determined in accordance with a median value of a changing range of the duty ratio; a length of the first section period and a length of the second section period are mutually different; the predetermined pattern is a pattern that cyclically changes; in a specified period within one cycle of the pattern, a section period for which the duty ratio is higher than the reference duty ratio is longer than a section period for which the duty ratio is lower than the reference duty ratio; and in a remaining period within the one cycle of the pattern, a section period for which the duty ratio is higher than the reference duty ratio is shorter than a section period for which the duty ratio is lower than the reference duty ratio. 